Postpartum Dietary Interventions and Cardiometabolic Profiles After Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The postpartum period represents a critical window for intervention, but the benefits of dietary interventions on cardiometabolic profiles in women with prior GDM remain unclear.

产后时期是干预的关键时期，但对有先前GDM病史的女性在饮食干预对其心脏代谢特征上的益处尚不明确。

To evaluate whether postpartum dietary interventions improved cardiometabolic profiles in women with GDM.

评估产后饮食干预是否改善了患有妊娠糖尿病的女性的心血管代谢特征。

data_sources

Six databases were searched from 1 January 1980-31 December 2025.

从1980年1月1日至2025年12月31日，搜索了六个数据库。

study_selection

Twenty-one randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met inclusion criteria.

符合纳入标准的随机对照试验(RCTs)共有21项。

data_extraction

Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

数据提取和偏倚风险评估遵循了系统评价和荟萃分析报告首选条目(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)指南。

data_synthesis

Meta-analyses pooled mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs using a random-effects model.

荟萃分析使用随机效应模型计算了平均差异（MDs）及其95%置信区间。

Intermediate cardiometabolic surrogate markers, such as BMI, waist circumference, weight, fasting and 2-h blood glucose, HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipids, and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated.

评估了包括体质指数（BMI）、腰围、体重、空腹和2小时血糖、胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、血红蛋白A1c（HbA1c）、收缩压和舒张压、血脂以及炎症生物标志物等中间性心代谢替代标志物。

The meta-analysisincluded 19 RCTs (participants were aged 18-45 years; sample size: 23 to 1,639; follow-up: 12 weeks-3 years).

该荟萃分析纳入了19项随机对照试验（参与者年龄为18-45岁；样本量：23至1,639；随访时间：12周至3年）。

Compared with standard care, postnatal dietary interventions significantly reduced BMI (MD -0.46 kg/m2; 95% CI -0.71, -0.20), waist circumference (-1.47 cm; -2.39, -0.55), weight (-0.73 kg; -1.19, -0.27), HOMA-IR (-0.55; -1.04, -0.06), and HbA1c (-0.24%; -0.46, -0.02).

与标准护理相比，产后饮食干预显著降低了BMI（平均差异-0.46 kg/m^2；95%置信区间-0.71, -0.20）、腰围（-1.47 cm；-2.39, -0.55）、体重（-0.73 kg；-1.19, -0.27）、HOMA-IR（-0.55；-1.04, -0.06）和HbA1c（-0.24%；-0.46, -0.02）。

No improvements were found for other markers.

未发现其他标志物有所改善。

limitations

Heterogeneity across studies, variable adherence to counseling-based interventions, and comprehensive standard postpartum care may have limited observed effects.

研究间的异质性、对基于咨询的干预措施的依从性不一，以及全面的产后标准护理可能限制了观察到的效果。

Conclusions

Postpartum dietary interventions yield modest but statistically significant improvements in key cardiometabolic indicators among women with prior GDM without overt disease, highlighting the postpartum period as an important window to optimize intermediate cardiometabolic markers.

产后饮食干预在既往患有妊娠糖尿病但目前无明显疾病的女性中，对关键的心血管代谢指标产生了适度但具有统计学意义的改善，强调了产后时期是优化中间心血管代谢标志物的重要窗口。