Antiretroviral Therapy.

Antiretroviral drugs inhibit key steps in the viral replication cycle and consist of six mechanistic classes: HIV entry inhibitors, reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (both nucleosides and nonnucleosides), capsid inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors.

抗逆转录病毒药物抑制病毒复制周期中的关键步骤，并由六种机制类别组成：HIV进入抑制剂、逆转录酶抑制剂（包括核苷类和非核苷类）、衣壳抑制剂、整合酶抑制剂和蛋白酶抑制剂。

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses viral replication, thereby enhancing immune function, decreasing morbidity and mortality, and preventing viral transmission.

抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）抑制病毒复制，从而增强免疫功能，降低发病率和死亡率，并预防病毒传播。

Consequently, ART is recommended for all persons with HIV infection.

因此，建议所有HIV感染者接受抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）。

On the basis of randomized clinical trials, the Food and Drug Administration has approved 36 antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV infection since 1987; of these, 28 are currently available in the United States, and combination ART regimens are used.

基于随机临床试验，自1987年以来，美国食品药品监督管理局已批准了36种抗逆转录病毒药物用于治疗HIV感染；在这些药物中，目前有28种在美国市场上有售，且通常采用联合抗逆转录病毒治疗方案。

Initial preferred ART regimens are potent, convenient, and unlikely to cause side effects and consist of an HIV integrase inhibitor with a high barrier to resistance combined with one or two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.

首选的初始抗逆转录病毒治疗方案应具有强大的效力、方便使用且不太可能引起副作用，通常由一种具有高抗药性屏障的HIV整合酶抑制剂与一种或两种核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂组合而成。

In the majority of patients using current ART regimens, viral replication is durably suppressed below detectable levels.

在使用当前抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）方案的大多数患者中，病毒复制被持久地抑制在无法检测的水平以下。

Patients receiving ART are monitored for virologic response over time, and if virologic failure occurs, the next regimen is selected on the basis of treatment history and the results of drug-resistance testing; often, antiretroviral drugs from new classes are administered.

接受ART治疗的患者会随时间监测病毒学反应，如果出现病毒学失败，则根据治疗史和药物耐药性测试结果选择下一治疗方案；通常会给予新的抗逆转录病毒药物类别。

Today, the life expectancy of someone with HIV infection who consistently takes ART approaches that of the general population.

如今，对于那些坚持使用抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）的HIV感染者，其预期寿命接近普通人群。