Harmonized immune recovery monitoring after HCT: evidence and practical guidance from the Westhafen Intercontinental Group.

Long-term survival depends on robust immune reconstitution (IR), which governs overall immune homeostasis and risks of infection, graft-versus-host disease, and relapse.

长期生存依赖于强大的免疫重建（IR），它决定了整体免疫稳态以及感染、移植物抗宿主病和复发的风险。

However, despite its centrality to posttransplant outcomes, IR is not consistently monitored across transplant centers, limiting ability to generate meaningful, comparable, and translatable data.

然而，尽管免疫重建（IR）对于移植后的结果至关重要，但各移植中心并未一致地对其进行监测，这限制了生成有意义、可比较和可转化数据的能力。

This review synthesizes current knowledge on numerical and functional IR milestones after allo-HCT, with a primary focus on flow cytometry-based monitoring of key immune cell subsets.

这篇综述综合了当前关于异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HCT）后数值和功能免疫重建（IR）里程碑的知识，主要关注基于流式细胞术监测关键免疫细胞亚群。

Importantly, early CD4+ T-cell recovery (achieving >50 cells per μL by day 100 after transplant), is supported by strong clinical evidence and correlates with improved outcomes.

重要的是，早期CD4+ T细胞恢复（移植后100天内达到每微升>50个细胞）得到了强有力的临床证据支持，并与改善的临床结果相关。

Although emerging data suggest that additional subsets (CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, B cells, naïve and recent thymic emigrant T cells, and γδ T cells) may also influence clinical trajectories, further harmonized, multicenter studies are needed to validate prognostic relevance across transplant settings.

尽管新兴数据显示，其他亚群（CD8+ T细胞、自然杀伤细胞、B细胞、初始和近期胸腺移民T细胞以及γδ T细胞）也可能影响临床轨迹，但需要进一步的协调一致的多中心研究来验证不同移植环境中预后相关性。

We propose practical, evidence-based guidelines for IR monitoring, including recommended time points, preferred assays, and flow cytometry panel components.

我们提出了实用的、基于证据的免疫排斥反应监测指南，包括推荐的时间点、首选的检测方法和流式细胞术面板组成。

Additionally, we highlight modifiable factors (eg, immunosuppressive drug exposures, graft manipulation) offering interventional opportunities for influencing IR.

此外，我们强调了可修改的因素（例如，免疫抑制药物暴露、移植物处理），提供了影响免疫排斥反应的干预机会。

Harmonized monitoring strategies will support robust correlation between IR and clinical outcomes, guide real-time risk stratification, and facilitate the development of targeted, individualized transplant approaches.

协调的监测策略将支持免疫反应与临床结果之间的强相关性，指导实时风险分层，并促进靶向、个体化的移植方法的发展。

Standardization efforts led by consortia and registries are essential for advancing knowledge and optimizing care.

由联盟和登记处领导的标准化努力对于推进知识和优化护理至关重要。

We provide a roadmap for implementing uniform IR monitoring to improve outcomes and quality of life for allo-HCT recipients.

我们提供了一份实施统一的IR监测路线图，以改善异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HCT）受者的预后和生活质量。