Primary antifungal prophylaxis in hematological malignancies. Updated clinical practice guidelines by the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL).

Regarding acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients undergoing remission induction chemotherapy, a B-II grading has been assigned to isavuconazole, micafungin, and caspofungin, based on non-randomized studies that have shown efficacy in preventing invasive fungal diseases (IFD).

关于接受缓解诱导化疗的急性髓性白血病（AML）和骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者，基于已显示在预防侵袭性真菌病（IFD）方面有效的非随机研究，给予伊曲康唑、米卡芬净和卡泊芬净B-II级推荐。

Regarding high-risk MDS patients treated with azacytidine, prophylaxis with posaconazole during the first four cycles of treatment is supported in the literature.

关于接受阿糖胞苷治疗的高危骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者，文献支持在治疗的前四个周期进行泊沙康唑预防。

Prophylaxis is not indicated in patients treated for myeloproliferative neoplasms (NPM), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).

对于接受治疗的骨髓增殖性肿瘤(NPM)、急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)和霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)患者，预防性治疗并不适用。

For patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), prophylaxis is not generally indicated.

对于慢性淋巴细胞性白血病（CLL）和非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）的患者，通常不建议进行预防接种。

For patients with multiple myeloma (MM), prophylaxis is not indicated and the limited epidemiological data available do not support the use of prophylaxis in subjects treated with bispecific antibodies.

对于多发性骨髓瘤（MM）的患者，不建议进行预防接种，且现有有限的流行病学数据并不支持在使用双特异性抗体治疗的患者中使用预防接种。

For patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), no substantial changes were made, apart from the addition of isavuconazole with grading B-II in the post-engraftment period.

对于接受异基因造血干细胞移植（HSCT）的患者，除了在移植后植入期添加了B-II级的伊曲康唑外，没有做出重大改变。

In patients undergoing auto-HSCT, antifungal prophylaxis is not indicated.

对于接受自体HSCT的患者，不建议进行抗真菌预防。

Previous ECIL guidelines did not include CAR-T cells.

之前的ECIL指南并未包括嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T细胞）。

The expert panel proposes to endorse the use of anti-mold prophylaxis in high-risk patients during pre-infusion and post-infusion, while in low-risk patients, anti-yeast prophylaxis can be recommended (B-II).

专家组建议，在高风险患者中，输注前后推荐使用抗霉菌预防治疗，而在低风险患者中，可以推荐使用抗酵母菌预防治疗（B-II级证据）。

For pediatric hematology patients, based on newly published data, caspofungin received a B-I grading as mold-active prophylaxis.

对于儿科血液病患者，基于新发布的数据，卡泊芬净作为抗霉菌预防治疗获得了B-I级评分。

Moreover, patients with ALL with insufficient treatment response during induction therapy, and children older than 12 y.o are now considered at high risk for IFD and are recommended to receive antifungal prophylaxis.

此外，对于诱导治疗期间反应不足的急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患者，以及12岁以上的儿童，现在被认为是侵袭性真菌病（IFD）的高风险人群，并推荐接受抗真菌预防治疗。