Caffeine and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

It is found in various naturally occurring substances and can be ingested in a synthetically derived pure form.

它存在于各种自然物质中，并且可以以合成纯品的形式摄入。

The majority of human subject-based research is observational and has focused on beverages and foods that contain caffeine.

大多数以人类为对象的研究是观察性的，主要集中在含有咖啡因的饮料和食物上。

The relationships between caffeine and cardiovascular risk factors and diseases are complex, exhibiting heterogeneity depending on the nature of the caffeine consumed and individual-level propensities.

咖啡因与心血管风险因素和疾病之间的关系复杂，其表现形式因摄入的咖啡因性质以及个体倾向的不同而异。

Acute versus chronic caffeine-associated cardiovascular effects are often different.

急性与慢性咖啡因相关的心血管效应通常不同。

Most studies suggest an inverse J-shaped relationship between consumption of naturally occurring caffeinated products and blood pressure.

大多数研究提示，自然含咖啡因产品的摄入量与血压之间存在逆 J 形关系。

Data on relationships between caffeine and diabetes are not consistent, but habitual coffee consumption has been associated with a lower risk of incident type 2 diabetes.

关于咖啡因与糖尿病关系的数据并不一致，但习惯性咖啡消费与新发2型糖尿病风险降低有关。

Whereas no clear relationship between caffeine and blood lipids is evident, unfiltered coffee raises low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

尽管咖啡因与血脂之间没有明确的关系，但未过滤咖啡会提高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。

Caffeine, studied primarily in the context of coffee, has been shown either to have no relationship or to be associated with a lower risk of coronary artery disease and heart failure.

咖啡因主要在咖啡的研究背景下，已被证明与冠状动脉疾病和心力衰竭的风险无关，或者与较低风险相关。

Randomized controlled trialdata among regular caffeinated coffee drinkers showed that caffeinated coffee decreases the risk of atrial fibrillation occurrence but increases the frequency of premature ventricular contractions.

在定期饮用含咖啡因咖啡的人群中进行的随机对照试验数据显示，含咖啡因咖啡降低了房颤发生的风险，但增加了早搏的频率。

Data are fairly consistent that moderate caffeine consumption, again studied primarily in the setting of coffee consumption, was associated with a lower risk of stroke.

数据相对一致地表明，适量的咖啡因摄入，主要研究的是咖啡消费，与中风风险降低有关。

Data on high doses of caffeine such as that found in energy drinks are limited and generally suggest cardiovascular harm.

关于高剂量咖啡因的数据，如在能量饮料中发现的那样，是有限的，并且通常表明对心血管有害。