Sex Differences in Leptin Levels in Children and Adolescents with Normal Weight and Overweight/Obesity Across Pubertal Stages: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background

To analyze sex differences in leptin levels and body mass index SD score across pubertal stages in children with NW and OW/OB.

分析正常体重（NW）和超重/肥胖（OW/OB）儿童在青春期各阶段瘦素水平和体重指数标准差分数的性别差异。

data_sources

Eligible studies were obtained from Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CINAHL from inception until February 2025.

符合条件的研究是通过Medline、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane和CINAHL从创刊号到2025年2月获取的。

study_selection

Twenty-four of 1713 studies assessing leptin levels in children aged 5 to 19 years were included.

在评估5至19岁儿童瘦素水平的1713项研究中，有24项被纳入。

data_extraction

Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality.

两位评审员独立提取数据并评估了研究质量。

data_synthesis

We performed subgroup meta-analysisstratified for pubertal stage using random effects model to estimate the weighted mean difference in R.

我们使用随机效应模型对青春期阶段进行了分层的亚组荟萃分析，以估计R的加权平均差异。

Girls with NW had higher leptin levels than boys at all pubertal stages (pooled mean difference [MD]: 3.99; 95% CI, 2.63-5.35).

在所有青春期阶段，NW的女孩比男孩有更高的瘦素水平（汇总平均差异[MD]：3.99；95%置信区间，2.63-5.35）。

In children with OW/OB, no significant differences were found in the prepubertal and pubertal stages.

在OW/OB的儿童中，未发现青春期前和青春期阶段有显著差异。

At the postpubertal stage, leptin levels were higher in girls compared to boys (MD: 14.60; 95% CI, 0.95-28.25), based on 1 included study.

在青春期后期，基于1项纳入研究，女孩的瘦素水平高于男孩（MD: 14.60; 95% 置信区间, 0.95-28.25）。

In pubertal children with OW/OB, body mass index SD score was higher in boys than girls (MD: -0.67; 95% CI, -0.74 to -0.61).

在肥胖/超重的青春期儿童中，男孩的体重指数标准差得分高于女孩（MD: -0.67; 95% 置信区间, -0.74 至 -0.61）。

Conclusions

The sex-specific differences in leptin levels, characteristic of normal-weight (pre-)pubertal children is lost in obesity.

正常体重（前）青春期儿童的瘦素水平存在性别差异，但在肥胖中这种差异消失了。

Therefore, leptin levels alone are unlikely to explain why obesity accelerates puberty in girls more than in boys.

因此，单独瘦素水平不太可能解释为什么肥胖会比男孩更早加速女孩的青春期。

A combined effect with other factors, such as sex dimorphism in kisspeptin, may play a role.

与其它因素（如催产素中的性别二态性）的联合效应可能发挥作用。