From Hippocrates to Biologics, The Evolving History of Pericarditis: A Review.

Understanding this historical progression provides important context for contemporary practice and emerging therapeutic strategies.

了解这种历史进程为当代实践和新兴治疗策略提供了重要的背景。

Early descriptions, dating back to Hippocrates, framed pericarditis as a clinical observation, with more precise diagnostic characterization emerging in the 19th century through the work of Laennec and later refined by clinicians such as Spodick and Hatle.

早期的描述可以追溯到希波克拉底，将心包炎视为一种临床观察，到了19世纪，通过Laennec的工作，对心包炎的诊断特征进行了更精确的描述，后来又由Spodick和Hatle等临床医生进行了完善。

Initial treatment approaches were largely symptomatic or surgical, including pericardiectomy for advanced constrictive disease.

最初的治疗方法主要是对症治疗或手术，包括对晚期缩窄性心包炎进行心包切除术。

The mid-twentieth century marked a shift toward medical therapy with the introduction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids, which improved symptom control but were limited by high recurrence rates.

20世纪中叶标志着向药物治疗的转变，随着非甾体抗炎药和皮质类固醇的引入，症状控制得到了改善，但高复发率限制了其效果。

The advent of echocardiography transformed pericardial disease evaluation by enabling noninvasive diagnosis, hemodynamic assessment, and safer pericardiocentesis.

超声心动图的出现彻底改变了心包疾病的评估，使得可以进行非侵入性诊断、血流动力学评估以及更安全的心包穿刺术。

More recently, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has further advanced care by allowing detailed tissue characterization and improved risk stratification.

最近，心脏磁共振成像进一步提高了护理水平，通过允许详细的组织特征描述和改善的风险分层。

Randomized trials established colchicine as a cornerstone therapy for both acute and recurrent pericarditis.

随机试验确立了秋水仙碱作为急性及复发性心包炎的基础治疗。

A major paradigm shift has occurred with the recognition of autoinflammatory mechanisms underlying recurrent disease and the introduction of targeted interleukin-1 inhibition, including anakinra and rilonacept, particularly for refractory cases.

随着对复发性疾病背后自身炎症机制认识的提高以及靶向白细胞介素-1抑制剂（包括阿那金拉和瑞洛塞普特）的引入，特别是对于难治性病例，已经发生了重大的范式转变。

Together, these advances reflect a transition from empirical management toward mechanism-based, personalized care.

这些进展共同反映了从经验性管理向基于机制的个性化护理的转变。

Ongoing progress in imaging, biomarker integration, and targeted immunomodulation is expected to further refine diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes for patients with pericardial disease.

在影像学、生物标志物整合和靶向免疫调节方面的持续进展预计将有助于进一步改善心包疾病患者的诊断、治疗和长期预后。