Food and Health: Nutrition for Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease: 2026 ACC Scientific Statement: A Report of the American College of Cardiology.

Suboptimal dietary patterns remain among the leading modifiable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.

不理想的饮食模式仍然是全球范围内可修改的主要致病和致死原因。

Contemporary evidence supports a shift in nutrition guidance from isolated nutrients toward whole foods and dietary patterns that emphasize overall dietary quality, food choice, and degree of processing.

当代证据支持营养指导从孤立的营养素向强调整体饮食质量、食物选择和加工程度的整个食物和饮食模式转变。

This American College of Cardiology Scientific Statement reviews current evidence regarding nutrition and cardiovascular health, including macronutrients, micronutrients, dietary patterns, ultra-processed foods, and emerging nutrition-based interventions.

这份美国心脏病学会的科学声明回顾了关于营养和心血管健康的当前证据，包括宏量营养素、微量营养素、饮食模式、超加工食品以及新兴的基于营养的干预措施。

Evidence from randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, and mechanistic investigations consistently supports replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats, increasing consumption of dietary fiber and whole grains, reducing consumption of sodium and ultra-processed foods (particularly sugar-sweetened beverages and processed meats), and greater adherence to healthy dietary patterns to lower cardiovascular risk.

来自随机对照试验、前瞻性队列研究和机制调查的证据一致支持用不饱和脂肪替代饱和脂肪，增加膳食纤维和全谷物的摄入，减少钠和超加工食品（特别是含糖饮料和加工肉类）的摄入，并更严格地遵循健康的饮食模式以降低心血管风险。

Mediterranean, DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), vegetarian, and other plant-rich dietary patterns demonstrate favorable effects on blood pressure, lipids, glycemic control, and body weight, and are consistently associated with lower rates of cardiovascular disease and mortality.

地中海、DASH（停止高血压的饮食方法）、素食和其他富含植物的饮食模式对血压、血脂、血糖控制和体重有良好的影响，并且与较低的心血管疾病和死亡率一致。

Translation of nutrition science into clinical practice requires integration of dietary counseling, medical nutrition therapy, Food Is Medicine programs, public policy initiatives, and clinician education.

将营养科学转化为临床实践需要整合饮食咨询、医学营养治疗、食物即药物计划、公共政策倡议和临床医生教育。

Collectively, current evidence supports dietary patterns centered on minimally processed plant foods while limiting ultra-processed foods, particularly those high in refined starches, added sugars, sodium, or unhealthy fats, and emphasizing healthy sources of fats and proteins to reduce cardiovascular risk and improve population health.

总的来说，当前的证据支持以最少加工的植物性食物为中心的饮食模式，同时限制超加工食品，特别是那些高精制淀粉、添加糖、钠或不健康脂肪的食品，并强调健康脂肪和蛋白质的来源，以降低心血管风险并改善人群健康。