Estrogens and breast cancer.

Yet emerging clinical and experimental evidence points to progestogens [endogenous progesterone or synthetic progesterone (progestin)] as the primary hormonal driver underlying seemingly estrogen-associated breast cancer risk.

然而，新兴的临床和实验性证据表明，孕激素[内源性孕酮或合成孕酮(孕激素)]是看似与雌激素相关的乳腺癌风险的主要激素驱动因素。

Estrogens may contribute to breast cancer risk indirectly by induction of the progesterone receptor and thus amplifying progesterone signaling.

雌激素可能通过诱导孕激素受体间接增加乳腺癌风险，从而放大孕激素信号。

Large studies of hormonal contraceptives suggest that the small increase in breast cancer risk from hormonal contraceptives is mainly attributable to progestins, not estrogens.

关于激素避孕药的大规模研究表明，激素避孕药引起的乳腺癌风险的轻微增加主要归因于孕激素，而非雌激素。

Estrogen-plus-progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has consistently shown an increase in breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women, whereas estrogen-alone HRT has little impact on breast cancer risk in naturally or surgically menopausal women.

雌激素加孕激素的激素替代疗法（HRT）在绝经后妇女中一致显示出增加乳腺癌风险，而单独使用雌激素的HRT对自然或手术绝经妇女的乳腺癌风险影响不大。

In particular, the long-term follow-up of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized trials suggests a benefit of estrogen alone.

特别是，妇女健康倡议（WHI）随机试验的长期随访表明，单独使用雌激素有益。

Recent data further indicate that endogenously elevated estrogen during assisted reproductive technology (ART) exhibits little adverse effect on or potentially a reduction in breast cancer risk and recurrence.

最近的数据进一步表明，在辅助生殖技术（ART）期间内源性升高的雌激素对乳腺癌风险和复发的影响很小，甚至可能降低风险。

Also, accumulating evidence suggests that inhibition of progesterone signaling is a critical mechanism underlying the risk-reducing and therapeutic effects of antiestrogens.

此外，越来越多的证据表明，孕激素信号的抑制是抗雌激素降低风险和治疗效果的关键机制。

Estrogen HRT has shown an array of proven benefits, including ameliorating menopausal symptoms and improving bone health.

雌激素激素替代疗法（HRT）已显示出一系列经证实的益处，包括缓解更年期症状和改善骨骼健康。

Collective evidence thus suggests that estrogen HRT is likely to offer health benefits to perimenopausal or postmenopausal women, including breast cancer survivors, as well as young BRCA1/2 carriers with prophylactic oophorectomy for ovarian cancer prevention.

综合证据表明，雌激素激素替代疗法（HRT）可能会为围绝经期或绝经后妇女提供健康益处，包括乳腺癌幸存者，以及因预防卵巢癌而进行预防性卵巢切除术的年轻BRCA1/2携带者。