Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic advances in chronic myeloid leukemia.

CML is mostly diagnosed in older adults.

CML大多在老年成年人中被诊断。

However, it can also occur in children, adolescents, and young adults.

然而，它也可以发生在儿童、青少年和年轻成人中。

Therapeutic strategies for chronic phase-CML (CML-CP) have drastically improved overall survivaland disease relapse, including the development of small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI).

治疗慢性期慢性髓性白血病（CML-CP）的策略已经显著改善了总生存和疾病复发，包括小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）的开发。

However, therapeutic approaches in CML still face challenges and potential downfalls, including resistance, intolerance, persistence of leukemic cells (LCs) that risk the progression to blast phase-CML (CML-BP), and other challenges in effectiveness.

然而，慢性髓性白血病（CML）的治疗方法仍面临挑战和潜在的失败，包括耐药性、不耐受、白血病细胞（LCs）的持续存在，这些都有可能导致向急性期CML（CML-BP）进展，以及其他有效性的挑战。

Furthermore, standardized treatment by pediatric oncologists follows guidelines designed for adult CML patients and does not consider differences in host or disease biology in pediatric patients.

此外，儿科肿瘤学家遵循的标准化治疗是为成人CML患者设计的指南，没有考虑到儿童患者在宿主或疾病生物学上的差异。

Although some patients can achieve treatment-free remission (TFR), most patients require lifelong TKI therapy.

尽管一些患者可以实现无治疗缓解（TFR），但大多数患者需要终身接受酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）治疗。

Thus, an attractive goal in CML, particularly in children with CML, who may need several decades of TKI treatment, is to identify and target immunoregulatory pathways and restoration of immune surveillance mechanisms to promote strong immune responses and TFR success.

因此，在慢性髓性白血病（CML）治疗中，特别是在可能需要数十年TKI治疗的儿童CML患者中，一个吸引人的目标是识别和靶向免疫调节途径，并恢复免疫监视机制，以促进强烈的免疫反应和TFR的成功。

In this review, we discuss the immunological mechanisms that contribute to the development, progression and control of CML, including supporting evidence of currently approved or investigated therapeutic approaches.

在这篇综述中，我们讨论了促进慢性髓性白血病（CML）发展、进展和控制的免疫学机制，包括目前批准或正在研究的治疗方法的支持证据。